History
Dogs are said to have been intentionally selected for smaller size and more submissive disposition as human civilization progressed toward agricultural communities. These characteristics make it easier for people and dogs to coexist. Dog breeding became stricter with the creation of breed clubs and kennel clubs in the mid-nineteenth century, and many breeds were produced during this time. Dog breeding grew more methodical to maintain rare mutations like as shorter legs, a shorter face, and novel fur colors and textures.
Breeding and gestation
There is no sexual “cycle” in male dogs. They instead react to females in heat at any time of year. When males are completely matured, they are most reproductive. When counted from the day of ovulation, a dog’s gestation period is 63 days. Because determining the precise timing of ovulation is difficult, inaccuracies in estimating gestation time are common. Because canine sperm may survive in the fallopian tubes for 10 to 11 days, if a female is bred 10 days before the oocytes (ovum) can be fertilized, she will appear to have a gestation duration of 70 days. Her gestation duration will appear to be 60 days if she is bred on the day the oocytes can be fertilized.
Terminology
A dog breeder is someone who purposely matches dogs to create puppies. Line breeding is the purposeful breeding of dogs with relatives. This is done to enhance the development of desired features in offspring. Line breeding differs from inbreeding by omitting parent-offspring and full-sibling pairings. Outcrossing is the deliberate mating of two unrelated dogs to promote genetic diversity in a breed and reduce genetic disorders or deformities inherited via line breeding or inbreeding.
Breeding for personal benefits
Originally, owning working and purebred dogs was a privilege reserved for the rich. Many individuals nowadays can afford to own a dog. People breed dogs for a variety of purposes. Some people may be interested in the pedigree for personal reasons, such as wishing to own or give away puppies. Breeders may also breed dogs for profit, for the show, because they are interested in a specific breed, or to fix a problem and enhance the breed’s soundness. Before breeding, responsible breeders evaluate the temperament, as well as the health and attractiveness of the mating couple.
Disadvantages
Some dogs have certain inheritable characteristics that can develop into a disability or disease. Canine hip dysplasia is one such condition. Eye abnormalities, heart conditions, and some cases of deafness have been proven to be inherited. There have been extensive studies of these conditions, commonly sponsored by breed clubs and dog registries, while specialized breed clubs provide information of common genetic defects for their breeds. Also, special organizations such as the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals collect data and provide it to breeders, as well as to the general public. Conditions such as hip dysplasia can impact some breeds more than others.
Breeding cost
The cost of raising one litter once you pay for both the Dam and Sire and everything else listed is between $20000 and $29000. With the average cost being around $23500. So, 8 puppies in order to pay for one litter would need to be sold for $2937 each.
